WHAT IS THE SOLUNAR THEORY? In 1926 John Alden Knight* postulated some folk lore he picked up in Florida and
proceeded to attempt a refinement, giving it the name PrimeTimes (Sol for sun and Lunar for moon). Knight compiled a list of 33 factors which influence or control day-to-day behavior of fresh and saltwater fish.
Everything was taken into account that could possibly have any bearing on the matter. One by one the factors were examined and rejected. Three of them, however, merited further examination. They were
sun, moon and tides. Surely the sun could have no effect since its cycle was the same day after day, whereas the observed activity periods of fish were apt to be present at most any time of the day or night. The moon
had already been weighed and found wanting. Tides? Surely there could be no tidal movement in a trout stream. But the fact remained, however, that the tides had always guided saltwater fishermen to good
fishing. Could it be that the prompting stimulus lay in the influence of the sun and moon which cause the ocean tides, rather than the actual tidal stages or flow? When the original research was being done only the
approximate time of moon up - moon down were considered. Gradually, it became evident that there were also intermediate periods of activity that occurred midway between the two major periods. Thus the more evident
periods were called MAJOR PERIODS and the two intermediate periods, shorter in length, were called
MINOR PERIODS. Knight first published his PrimeTimes Tables in 1936. Then, and today, one must calculate the precise times from each
table taking into account the geographic location (east or west) of a base point (Time Zone), and adjusted for Daylight Savings Time when appropriate. The tables are rounded to the nearest 10 minutes. An example
of the deviation in time in a particular state would be Texas here the times from El Paso on the western border and Hemphill on the eastern border is 51 minutes (Hemphill is 51 minutes earlier than El Paso). Back to Top PROVING THE THEORY
To substantiate the PrimeTimes Theory, insofar as fish are concerned, John Alden Knight attempted a systematic inquiry to acquire complete details surrounding the
capture of record catches. Both individual large fish ... and large numbers. He examined approximately 200 of these catches. Over 90 percent
were made during the dark of the moon (new moon) when the effects of of
the PrimeTimes Periods appear to be greatest, and, more important, they were made during the actual times of the PrimeTimes Periods. Initially, only the behavior of fish was considered. During 1935 to 1939
Knight made extensive studies of game birds and animals. As had been suspected, these also responded to the prompting stimulus of the
PrimeTimes Periods. Back to Top PEAK DAYS
It
is now known that the sun and moon are the two major sources of the astral energies that daily bombard the Earth and all her life forms. The closer they are to you at any given moment, the stronger the influence. The
day of a NEW or FULL MOON will provide the strongest influence in each month. Back to Top
PEAK MONTH
June always has more combined sun-moon influence than any other month. During a FULL
MOON the sun and moon are nearly opposite each other and very few minutes pass without one or the other being in our sky. During a NEW MOON, both bodies are in near-perfect rhythm traveling the skies together with their
forces combined. Because of the interaction between the many lunar and solar cycles, no two days, months or years are identical. Back to Top
PEAK TIMES -
When a PrimeTimes Period
falls within 30 minutes to an hour of sunrise or sunset you can anticipate great action! When you have a moonrise or moon set during that period the action will be even greater. And, finally, when the above times occur
during a NEW or FULL MOON, you can expect the best action of the season! Back to Top LENGTH OF PERIODS - Every fisherman knows that fish do not feed all the time. He knows, also, that for
some reason fish often go on the feed and take most any offering, be it live bait or artificial. This sort of thing happens, according to John Alden Knight (the originator of the theory) during a PrimeTimes Period. To
be sure, fish usually feed actively at sunrise and sunset, but generally, the real fishing of the day is at the "odd hour" feeding periods. If the weather and feeding conditions are favorable the fish will be active for
one to two hours. Back to Top BEST FISHING
DAYS
For those fishermen who enjoy fishing at sunrise and sunset here are the absolute best dates to be on the water at your favorite spot. These are the
Major or Minor PrimeTimes Periods that fall near the times of Sunrise or Sunset during a Full or New Moon. It has been documented that when this condition exists fish will bite on anything they see or smell.
Limits are almost guaranteed provided there are fish in the vicinity. It's no secret that fish and game tend to feed during dawn and dusk (sunrise and sunset). What amplifies the activity is the effect of a moonrise or
moon set plus the specific monthly periods of New (dark) and Full (light) Moons. When the times coincide with a moonrise or a moon-set the action can be spectacular. Finally, a change in the local weather coinciding
with the periods will further enhance the activity. Back to Top WATCH THE WEATHER
For best results the tables must be used intelligently. Every day will not show a clear-cut reaction to a PrimeTimes
Period. In the case of fish, barometric fluctuations, particularly when the trend is down, often ruin fishing. All wildlife knows what to expect of the weather, and any bird, animal or fish can sense the approach of a
storm. Cold fronts moving through drive all fish deeper and render them inactive. Adverse temperature, abnormal water conditions, all sorts of things will offset the effects of PrimeTimes Periods. However, every
sportsman knows that it is beyond all reason to expect good fishing or hunting every day. The PrimeTimes Theory will point the way to the best in sport that each day has to offer, but in no sense is it a guarantee.
Back to Top WATCH THE BAROMETER
Intensity of activity also varies from day to day, according to conditions in general. If the barometer happens to be steady or rising, if the
temperature is favorable (15 degrees higher than water temp) then long and active response to a PrimeTimes Period can be expected. Back to Top
WATCH THE MOON
Another thing to remember in
dealing with PrimeTimes Periods is that solunar influence will vary in intensity according to the position of the moon. The times of new moon (the dark of the moon), and there is no moon in the sky, is the time of
maximum intensity. Ocean tides reflect this intensity in their magnitude. This
maximum will last about three days, and wildlife respond with maximum activity. Thereafter the degree of intensity tapers off
until it is at its minimum during the third quarter phase of the moon. Back to Top CALCULATING SOLUNAR TIMES
The key to accurate PrimeTimes Times is the ability to chart the
relative solar and lunar positions with respect to a particular location. The major periods coincide with the upper and lower meridian passage of the resultant gravitational (tidal) force. The minor periods occur when
these forces are rising or setting on either horizon, i.e., the right ascension of the resultant force and the local sidereal time vary by 90 or 270 degrees. The major periods occur when these forces are at 0 and 180
degrees apart. Back to Top
AREA COVERED BY SOLUNAR TIMES
The times produced are known as Gravitational Tide Times, or, the times of low and high tides if the
Earth were completely covered by water. Our program calculates the solar and lunar positions with an accuracy of .25 degrees allowing accuracy to be within 1 minute in time. The times will change one minute for each 12
miles east or west of the base point. There is one day each month (near the last quarter of the moon) on which there is no moonrise. This is normal and occurs because the moon's average period between two rises and set
is approximately 24 hours and 50 minutes. Thus there will always be a day on which a moonrise (and a PrimeTimes Time) will not fit. Note also that moonrise can occur at any time during the day or night. Back to Top CONCLUSION
It goes without saying that if there are no fish or game present, you will not be successful. Plan your days on the water or in the field so that you are where the game is most
likely to be during the PrimeTimes Periods. We hope that we have been able to improve your understanding of the PrimeTimes Theory - and how you can use it to improve your angling success. But always remember ... the
BEST time to go fishing' ... is whenever you can and always practice catch and release. *Moonup~Moondown ... Library of Congress #72-93383
BEST TIMES TO FISH
You can calculate the Prime Fishing Times for any place is the U.S. by first going to the MOON CALCULATOR
CALCULATE**SUNRISE-SUNSET-MOONRISE- MOONSET
All agree that the times that the sun and moon rise and set have a direct effect on the feeding activities of fish and game in all parts of the world. There are also many that
see a definite correlation of feeding activities when the moon is straight overhead (MOON TRANSIT) and or on the opposite side of the earth. With the Moon Calculator you can know all of these times anywhere in the U.S. and plan your fishing activities around these times, the moon phases and the weather. There are a lot of good solunar tables; but, they can never be printed to be accurate for exactly where you are fishing. The Moon Calculator can give you accurate times for any town that is close to where
you will be fishing. Most Major feeding times last from 2 to 2.5 hours and Minor feeding times last from 1 to 1.5 hours. This process will help you determine when the fish are going to be most active on any given day.
The MOON CALCULATOR
calculates the "MOON TRANSIT" time which is the first MAJOR Feeding Time for where you are fishing. The second MAJOR for that 24 hour period will be approximately 12 1/2 hours latter. GOOD FISHING!
Back to Top
MAJOR FEEDING TIMES = MOON TRANSIT TIME. ADD 12 1/2 HOURS FOR SECOND MAJOR FOR THAT 24 HOUR PERIOD.
MINOR FEEDING TIMES= MOONRISE & MOONSET
JOHN ALDEN KNIGHT SOLUNAR/LUNAR TIMES
These tables take into consideration the moon and its effect on the feeding cycles of fish.
The Prime Times Calendar
gives a 4 to 4 1/2 hour window around each PrimeTimes time to be sure that we are all fishing when the fish are most active. Saltwater fishermen fishing the bays and inland areas will also want to check the TIDES
to determine tidal activities. There are many theories on the effect of tidal activity on the feeding activities of fish; but, one thing is for sure, the fish follow the bait fish and the bait fish move with the tides.
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